Monthly credit from and deposits in Swedish commercial banks, 1875-2020

Since the global financial crisis in 2008, there has been an elevated interest private debt and as a macroeconomic variable. In light of lack high-frequency data, this study presents unique monthly time series dataset on credit from deposits Swedish commercial banks 1875 to 2020, covering 1,752 observations most banking history. first application, examines what extent money Sweden exogenous, created independently demand by central bank, or endogenous, response banks, during different institutional settings. The results, derived via cointegration impulse-response functions, show that though relationship between changed over time, both theories often hold validity simultaneously. While changes have had significant impact credit, opposite also true. There are, however, differences regulatory regimes, well for groups banks.